Using agro-biotechnology causes high costs for the whole food production chain: through higher seed prices, methods to avoid resistance development, separation production chains and analyses. In additions there are damages of several billion US dollars in maize and rice production caused by contamination with non-approved gene constructs. Small as they are, financial gains of GM crops can only achieved over short periods.
This study provides information from a survey among German food producers and retailers as well as details of costs and damages caused by a number of contamination cases.