MON810

22 April 2009

Germany's brief ban on the sale of MON810 seed in 2007 over an unsufficient monitoring plan, and the current ban on sale and cultivation has lead to some quite interesting official papers.
The notification from 2007 details a number of issues that should be considered in a monitoring plan, and the new notification from 2009 gives several pages of what the German authorities consider as new scientific evidence that makes it necessary to act according to the Precautionary Principle and evoke the German and EU saufguard clauses.
The paper refers to Bt expostion, ecotoxicological effects on moths and butterflies (lepidoptera), beetles (coleoptera), soil and water organisms, the specific issues of endangered species or species in nature protection areas. The BVL, the competent authority also had to conclude that the cultivation of MON810 was so "marginal" in Germany (on an expected acreage of 2700 ha), that the ban would not be financial problem for Monsanto.
A stark contrast to this paper however is Monsanto's monitoring report for the growing season 2008. It's not only a far cry from the detailed list of issues that the BVL was forced to consider relevant in May 2007, it doesn't even give information of whether any of the data taken from other environmental monitoring projects had any geographical relation to the MON810 fields.

14 April 2009

Today the German minister for Agriculture Aigner announced that she would use the safety clauses in Article 20(3) of the German law on genetic engineering as well as Article 23 of the EU Directive 2001/18 on Deliberate Release to stop the cultivation of Monsanto's GM maize MON810.
In a press conference she stated: "The cultivation of MON810 is thereby forbidden." The assessment of the different authorities gave no consistent opinion on environmental effects of MON810.
In the last weeks NGOs like Campact in Germany have been working hard to provide the information and facts needed to support a MON810 ban. One of the studies playing a role was a report about the (financial) damage caused by agro-biotechnolgy that Christoph Then and me wrote for the Federation of the Organic Food Producers (BÖWL).

3 April 2009

Middle of April is the deadline: that's when the maize will be sown in Germany, and according to the public register about 3700 hectare will be sown with the GM maize MON810. And the call to agricultural minister Aigner to stop the cultivation is getting louder and louder, especially after the EU environmental ministers - and among them the German minister Gabriel - confirmed the Austrian and Hungarian ban of MON810 in 2 March 2009.
Campact, an environmental NGO, has been following Aigner around for days now to raise the issue. They also got a petition online, but unfortunately that only works for Germany addresses. After Aigner replied at some stage, asking for help in bringing the scientific evidence about MON810, Campact, BUND and BÖWL published another report why it is possible and necessary to stop its cultivation.
Meanwhile Monsanto has finally submitted its MON810 monitoring report for 2008: 31 pages in English that apparently only summarize already existing reports, but doesn't give any information that has anything to do with the actual fields on which MON810 was grown in 2008.

26 March 2009

MON810 cultivation in the EU is decreasing. Not only big parts of the population, but also an increasing number of regional and national governments declare their opposition. Luxembourg is reported to consider a ban, and in the German parliament a discussion about stopping MON810 cultivation is under way.

12 February 2009

Friends of the Earth published their 2009 copy of their report "who benefits from gm crops?" and that's certainly worth reading (report, summary).
Over the years there has been criticism about the cultivation figures published annually by ISAAA because Clive James repeatedly has refused to give information about where these numbers are coming from while they are continuously refered to as the only available source for GM acreage worldwide. Not surprisingly ISAAA saw an increase in 2008 again, speaking of a "historic milestone"
However, FoE come to a very different conclusion when they reviewed the last ISAAA report as well as figures given by EuropaBio. ISAAA increased the acreage it reports by simply multiplying each hectare by the number of GM traits grown on it. So a hectare of Bt maize is a hectare of GM cultivation, but a hectare of Bt maize with herbicide tolerance adds up to two hectares - at least in the eyes of ISAAA. So if all agricultural land would be grown with triple-stack crops, we suddenly would have three times as much agricultural as before?

12 November 2008

"Summarising the study, the maize with the stacked event NK603 x MON810 affected
the reproduction of mice in the RACB trial." - that is the conclusion of a study conducted by Austrian scientiest, commissioned by the Austrian ministries for agircultere and environement and for health.
On more then 100 pages the authors give details of their long-term study over 4 generations of mice. In addition to reproduction rates and organ weights, the authors also looked at the way genes were expressed differently depending on GM and non-GM diet: "In total 439 genes were found to be expressed differentially." (For details of the results and discussion see the full report.)
The reaction from Monsanto on a press release on the study was predictable: First of all Monsanto wanted to see the full study before commenting. Fair enough. But secondly, Monsanto already criticized the study as not peer-reviewed. True - but then again: Monsanto's own studies that were used as basis for the approval of their GM crops are not peer-reviewed either. So would Monsanto consider their own studies as not valid either.
The study of the Austrian scientists also draw attention to the criteria the EFSA applies for its risk assessment of GM crops. In October 2005, EFSA gave a positive opinion for NK603xMON810 for use as food & feed.

21 July 2008

A new study from the GenOk Centre for Biosafety in Tromso show a reduced fitness of Daphnia magna fed on Bt maize MON810. Daphnias fed on MON810 had a higher mortality rate, less females reached sexual maturation, and the overall egg production was lower compared to D. magna fed isogenic maize. Since this reduced fitness after feeding on Bt maize coincided with an earlier onset of reproduction, the scientists concluded a toxic effect rather than a lower nutritional value of the GM-maize.
After adverse effects of Bt maize on caddis flies last year, this is no the second study showing possible adverse effects of Bt maize on aquatic organisms. Meanwhile the environmental risk assessment of GM crops in the EU does not include aquatic ecosystems.
Bøhn T, Primicerio R, Hessen DO & Traavik T (2008): Reduced Fitness of Daphnia magna Fed a Bt-Transgenic Maize Variety. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, DOI 10.1007/s00244-008-9150-5.

3 June 2008

A study about who has contacts with whom in the development, risk assessment and approval of GM crops in Germany shows that many of the persons involved have far reaching contacts, including numerous contacts to lobby organisations and industry.

3 June 2008

A. Lorch & Ch. Then, Studie für U. Höfken, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, Mai 2008.

Eine Recherche darüber wer mit wem Verbindungen hat in der Entwicklung, der Risikobewertung und der Zulassung von Gv-Pflanzen in Deutschland zeigt, dass viele der involvierten Presonen sehr vielfältige Kontakte habe, darunter auch zu Lobby-Organisationen und zur Gentechnik-Industrie.

12 April 2008

In Duitsland heeft de overheid de verkoop van Monsanto's gentechmaïs MON810 gestopt, tot Monsanto een nieuwe plan voor de monitoring van effecten op het milieu voorlegt. Reden voor deze eis zijn nieuwe wetenschappelijke inzichten, dat MON810 grotere negatieve effecten op het milieu heeft dan tot nu toe verwacht.
Omdat de nieuwe regeling pas kort na het zaaien van het maïszaad bekend gemaakt werd, zal de teelt van MON810-maïs er dit jaar niet meer door getroffen zijn. Desondanks is deze beslissing van groot belang voor de verdere beoordeling van MON810 in de EU.

De gentech-maïs MON810 van Monsanto was al in 1998 voor commerciële landbouw in de EU toegelaten, maar wordt sinds 2003 in Spanje, en pas 2006 ook in sommige andere landen geteeld; vooral in Duitsland, waar het toelaten van MON810-soorten einde 2005 een van de eerste taken van de nieuwe regering was.

Volgens de Duitse Dienst voor Consumentenbescherming en Levensmiddelveiligheid laat nieuw wetenschappelijk onderzoek zien, in welke mate het Bt-gif van MON810 in de voedselketen van dieren terecht komt, en dat het nu bewezen is, dat ook andere dieren (zogenaamde niet-doelorganismen) zoals roof-insecten op hogere niveaus van de voedselketen aan het gif blootgesteld zijn.

Op dit moment vraagt Monsanto aan boeren, enquêtes in te vullen over algemene informatie over hun MON810 teelt en andere landbouw-parameters, maar volgens de dienst zijn deze enquêtes niet voldoende om de nodige en statisch verwerkbare informatie over effecten op het milieu en vooral over niet-doelorganismen te verzamelen.

De overheid vraagt daarom aan Monsanto een monitoring plan te ontwikkelen dat met de volgende punten rekening houdt:
a) verspreiding van kiembare maïs-korrels in het milieu,
b) verspreiding van het Bt-gif in het milieu,
c) verblijf van het Bt-gif in de bodem en effecten op bodemdieren,

maize leaves

glossary

MON810
15 April 2008

MON810 is a Bt maize event owned by Monsanto that produces a modified form of the Bt toxin Cry1Ab. It was developed by using two transgenic constructs for the Bt toxin, a herbicide tolerance, antibiotic resistance markers and start and stop codons. Using a shot gun method, the DNA sequences were only introduced partially so that MON810 produces only the Bt toxin, while the DNA sequences of the inserts are still not completely identified.
In the last years, a growing number of studies have shown adverse effects of the Bt toxin on non-target organisms, including effects that were only discovered after the the initial cultivation approvals were given. However, research about MON810 is hindered because research and publications about MON810 effects need the approval of Monsanto as the patent holder.
MON810 has been cultivated in the US since 1995. It got cultivation approval in the EU under 90/220 in 1998, but was only introduced to the seed catalogue in 2004. MON810 cultivation is banned in the EU memberstates Austria, Poland, France and Greece. In April 2008 Romania also announced that it would ban its cultivation. In Germany, the sale of MON810 was stopped in 2007 because the authorities did not consider the monitoring plan as sufficient, and even though a new monitoring plan has now be accepted, it has been widely criticized.

tweets

22 April 2009

ifrik: the (German) paperwork on Germany's #MON810 ban, the sales stop in 2007 and #Monsanto 's monitoring report for 2008: http://tiny.cc/JFV8r

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